ISRO full form is Indian Space Research Organisation which is India's national space agency and also it is one of the most famous world's leading space organizations. ISRO is responsible for advancing space related technology, launching satellites and contributing to scientific exploration. ISRO has also made incredible progress in space exploration and it is now one of the most respectfull space organizations in the world. The main role of ISRO is to launch satellites, explore space and use space technology to improve life on Earth. ISRO is famous for making space missions affordable and reliable which helps india to become a global leader in space organization. ISRO is focused on cost effectiveness, innovation and working with countries around the world and it continues to inspire the world, especially for developing nations, to aim high and reach for the stars. The main objective of ISRO is to the development and application of space technology for various national needs and to fulfil this objective, ISRO full form is Indian Space Research Organisation which has established major space systems for communication, television broadcasting and meteorological services, space-based navigation services etc. ISRO has also developed satellite launch vehicles, PSLV and GSLV, to place the satellites in the required orbits.
ISRO full form's was previously the Indian National Committee for Space Research which is set up by the Government of India in 1962, which was the vision of Dr. VikramA Sarabhai. ISRO was formed on August 15, 1969 and superseded INCOSPAR with an expanded role to harness space technology. DOS was set up and ISRO was brought under DOS in 1972. decades later, ISRO was able to make a mark in the global space industry with their successful launch of the Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-3), which was able to send satellites into orbit during the early years of 1980. Other space missions which aided India shape a name out of themselves were the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) and Chandrayaan-1: both launched in 2013 and 2008 respectively. To this day, ISRO maintains a solid reputation for successfully carrying out satellite launches and constructing custom space missions with the Gaganyaan mission in mind wherein astronauts are sent into orbit.
Year | Event/Development |
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1962 | Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was established under Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the founder of ISRO. |
1963 | First sounding rocket launched from Thumba, Kerala, marking India's entry into space research. |
1969 | ISRO was officially established on August 15, 1969, with Dr. Vikram Sarabhai as its first chairman. |
1972 | Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV) development began, marking the beginning of India's indigenous rocket program. |
1980 | India launched its first satellite, Rohini, using the SLV-3 rocket on July 18. |
1983 | India's first operational satellite, INSAT-1A, was launched. |
1984 | Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian citizen to travel to space aboard the Soviet spacecraft Soyuz T-11. |
1993 | PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) development began. PSLV became known for its reliability. |
2001 | The successful launch of GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle), advancing India's capabilities in satellite launching. |
2008 | Chandrayaan-1, India's first mission to the Moon, was launched successfully, marking a major milestone in ISRO's space exploration. |
2013 | Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) launched, making India the first Asian country to reach Mars orbit and the fourth space agency globally to do so. |
2014 | The first successful mission to Mars by any Asian country (Mangalyaan) with ISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission. |
2017 | ISRO set a world record by launching 104 satellites in a single mission using PSLV-C37. |
2019 | Chandrayaan-2 mission launched, aiming to land on the Moon's south pole. |
2021 | ISRO's Gaganyaan mission for sending humans to space began its preparations. |
ISRO has its headquarters in Bengaluru. Its activities are spread across various centres and units. Launch Vehicles are built at VikramSarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram; Satellites are designed and developed at U R Rao Satellite Centre (URSC), Bengalure; Integration and launching of satellites and launch vehicles are carried out from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota; Development of liquid stages including cryogenic stage is carried out at Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), Valiamala& Bengaluru; Sensors for Communication and Remote Sensing satellites and application aspects of the space technology are taken up at Space Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad and Remote Sensing satellite data reception processing and dissemination is entrusted to National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad.
The country's space technology is focused on improving the country. Their goal is to apply space technology in communication, land navigation and resource management in order to make people's lives on Earth better. Part of the remit also involves designing and building vehicles and satellites for launch into space and building systems for environmental monitoring and the needs of civilization development. Besides this, the program promotes participation of the private sector in the global space industry and stresses the importance of doing space science and space and planetary science research.
Category | Details |
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Vision |
Harness, sustain, and augment space technology for national development, while pursuing space science research and planetary exploration. |
Mission |
- Design and development of launch vehicles and related technologies for space access. - Design and development of satellites for earth observation, communication, navigation, meteorology, and space science. - Communication programme for telecommunication, broadcasting, and developmental applications. - Satellite-based Remote Sensing programme for natural resource management and environmental monitoring using space imagery. - Space-based navigation system. - Space-based applications for societal development. - Research and Development in space science and planetary exploration. - Promote and authorise private firms to play a key role in the global space market. |
Objectives |
- Operational flights of PSLV, GSLV, and SSLV. - Design and development of new space transportation solutions. - Design, development, and realization of communication satellites. - Design, development, and realization of Earth observation satellites. - Development of navigation satellite systems. - Development of satellites for space science and planetary exploration. - Earth observation applications. - Space-based systems for societal applications. - Advanced technologies and newer initiatives. - Training, capacity building, and education. - Promotion of space technology. - Infrastructure/facility development for space research. - International cooperation. - Commercial utilization of products and services from the Indian space programme. - Promotion and authorization of Indian private firms in the space sector. |
The Indian Space Research Organisation was launched in 1969 and ever since then, it has been a source of pride for India. With 124 spacecraft missions and 94 launches, it is one of the elite space organisations in the world. Chandrayaan-3 mission can be described as one of the zenith accomplishments of ISRO. As part of continuing India's exploration of the Moon, Chandrayaan-3 successfully performed a soft-landing on the surface of the moon. Its most recent success is Chandrayaan-3, the lunar probe which successfully made landfall on the lunar mission. With this India is one of the four nations to have landed on the Moon, and the first to land on the South Pole of the Moon.
Mission Name | Year | Details |
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Aryabhata | 1975 | India's first satellite, completely designed and assembled in India. Launched by a Soviet Kosmos-3M rocket. Weighed 360 kg. |
Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) Series | 1983 | Revolutionized India's telecommunications sector. The system has over 200 corresponders and provides TV transmission, weather forecasting, and more. |
GSAT Series | Ongoing | Geosynchronous satellites for digital audio, video, and data transmission. 18 out of many GSAT satellites are operational. |
Chandrayaan-1 | 2008 | India's first mission to the Moon. Discovered water molecules on the lunar surface. |
Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) | 2014 | First interplanetary mission by India, successfully reaching Mars on the first attempt. Launched in November 2013. |
Chandrayaan-3 | 2023 | India became the fourth country to land on the Moon and the first to land at the South Pole of the Moon. |
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has several bold missions planned for the coming years and continues to pursue even greater goals for space exploration. These missions include everything from sending astronauts into space to exploring other planets and the Moon.With these projects, ISRO is continuing to make significant progress in space exploration. below are some of the important forthcoming missions that will determine the course of India's growth in space technology:
Mission Name | Expected Launch | Spacecraft | Details |
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Gaganyaan 1 | February 2025 | Test flight (uncrewed) | Gaganyaan is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft developed jointly by ISRO and HAL as part of India's Human Spaceflight Programme. This uncrewed test flight is the first of two planned tests before the crewed mission. |
NISAR | Q1 2025 | SAR satellite | The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) is a joint satellite project between NASA and ISRO. This dual-frequency radar satellite will be used for remote sensing and is the first of its kind in radar imaging. |
Gaganyaan 2 | Q1 2025 | Test flight (uncrewed) | The second uncrewed flight test of the Gaganyaan mission, a crucial step before the first crewed spaceflight. |
Gaganyaan 3 | Q3 2025 | Test flight (crewed) | The first crewed mission of Gaganyaan. If successful, India will become the fourth country to send humans into space independently, following the US, Soviet Union, and China. |
Chandrayaan-4 | 2027-28 | Lunar lander, sample return | Chandrayaan-4 is a planned lunar sample-return mission, the fourth in the Chandrayaan series. It will feature four modules: Transfer Module, Lander Module, Ascender Module, and Reentry Module. |
Venus Orbiter Mission | March 2028 | Venus orbiter | A planned orbiter mission to study the atmosphere of Venus, focusing on understanding its climate and surface conditions. |
Lunar Polar Exploration Mission | 2028-29 | Lunar lander, rover | A joint ISRO-JAXA mission to explore the Moon's south pole. Known as Chandrayaan-5 in India, it will involve a lander and rover to conduct scientific research in the region. |
Bharatiya Antariksha Station | 2028-2035 | Space station | India's proposed space station, set to weigh 20 tonnes, will orbit about 400 km above Earth. It will allow astronauts to stay for 15-20 days, supporting extended human space exploration. |
AstroSat-2 | January 1, 2025 | Space telescope | AstroSat-2 is India's second dedicated multi-wavelength space telescope, following the success of AstroSat-1. It will focus on astronomy and astrophysics, with new instruments developed by Indian scientists. |
Mars Lander Mission | February 18, 2025 | Mars Lander | Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (MOM 2), also known as Mangalyaan 2, is India's second interplanetary mission to Mars. It will include a lander, rover, and a helicopter-like device to explore the Martian surface. |
ISRO full form is Indian Space Research Organisation which was started as a small organization, but over the years, it has transformed into one of the most respected institutes in the world. Its remarkable missions such as Chandrayaan-3 and Mars Orbiter Mission have played an important role in making India the spearhead in the domain of space exploration. Besides the various missions planned for the future like sending humans into space and exploring Mars and Venus, ISRO is also working on the future of space exploration as well. Their mission to offer affordable and innovative technology that motivates and empowers the world, especially emerging economies drives the faith in every developing nation to work towards advanced space technology.
Alongside its technological advancement, ISRO contributes to science and science education in the country. Various dedicated research centres and autonomous institutions for remote sensing, astronomy and astrophysics, atmospheric sciences and space sciences in general function under the aegis of Department of Space. ISRO's own Lunar and interplanetary missions along with other scientific projects encourage and promote science education, apart from providing valuable data to the scientific community which in turn enriches science.
The full form of ISRO is Indian Space Research Organisation. It is India's national space agency.
ISRO is known for making space missions affordable and reliable. It has become one of the most respected space organizations in the world, especially for its cost-effective approach to space exploration.
The main objectives of ISRO are:
The founder of ISRO is Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, who envisioned India’s space program and played a key role in its development.
The goal of Chandrayaan-2, launched in 2019, was to land on the Moon's south pole and explore its surface.
In 2008, ISRO successfully launched Chandrayaan-1, India’s first mission to the Moon, marking a significant milestone in space exploration.
The National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) in Hyderabad is responsible for receiving, processing, and disseminating remote sensing satellite data for various applications.
ISRO's vision is to harness, sustain, and enhance space technology for the development of the country, while also focusing on space science research and planetary exploration.
Some of ISRO's key objectives include:
Launched in November 2013, Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan, was India’s first interplanetary mission. It successfully reached Mars on its first attempt in 2014, making India the first Asian country to reach Mars orbit.
The GSAT series are geosynchronous satellites launched by ISRO for digital audio, video, and data transmission. Many of these satellites are operational, with 18 currently active.
The NISAR mission (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a joint satellite project between NASA and ISRO, expected to launch in Q1 2025. This satellite will use dual-frequency radar for remote sensing, making it the first of its kind for radar imaging.
ISRO's missions, like the Chandrayaan-3 and Mars Orbiter Mission, encourage science education in India. They also provide valuable data to the scientific community, which helps enrich our understanding of space and promotes the study of astronomy, astrophysics, and space sciences.
The Venus Orbiter Mission, set for March 2028, will study the atmosphere of Venus and help us understand its climate and surface conditions.